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Lung
Cancer

Lung cancer includes two main types: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer

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People who smoke have the greatest risk of lung cancer. If any of the following pertain to you, contact your primary care provider

  • A new cough that doesn't go away.

  • Chest pain.

  • Coughing up blood, even a small amount.

  • Hoarseness.

  • Shortness of breath.

  • Wheezing.

  • Losing weight without trying.

  • Swelling in the face or neck.

Risk Factors

Factors you can change:

  • Smoking

  • Secondhand smoke

  • Exposure to radon gas

  • Exposure to cancer- causing substances

  • Having a healthier diet

Factors you cannot change:

  • Age

  • Racial or ethnic background

  • Sex at birth

  • Family history of Lung cancer

Lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of lung cancer

  • Do not smoke/ Stop smoking- If you have never smoked, don't start. Relay to your children the importance of not smoking and the risk of Lung Cancer. If you smoke and haven't been able to quit, make an appointment. Your healthcare professional can recommend strategies for quitting smoking. These may include counseling, medicines and nicotine replacement products.

  • Avoid secondhand smoke- If you live or work with a person who smokes, urge them to quit. At the very least, ask them to smoke outside.

  • Eat a diet full of fruits and vegetables- Choose a healthy diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables. Food sources of vitamins and nutrients are best. 

Next steps: 

Discuss your lung cancer risk with your healthcare professional. Together you can decide whether lung cancer screening is right for you.If your healthcare professional thinks you may have lung cancer, a number of tests can be used to look for cancerous cells and to rule out other conditions.

  • Imaging tests. Imaging tests make pictures of the body. They can show the location and size of the lung cancer. Tests might include X-ray, MRI, CT and positron emission tomography, which also is called a PET scan.

  • Sputum cytology. Sputum is the mucus that is coughed up from the lungs. If you are coughing up sputum, it can be looked at under a microscope. The sputum can sometimes show lung cancer cells.

  • Biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure to remove a sample of tissue for testing in a lab.
     

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